In the mines

The first coal mines in Australia were located in the Newcastle/Upper Hunter region and supplied the coal-fired steam ships used to carry passengers and general cargo around the Australian coast. In order to protect its supplies of bunkering coal The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited bought a substantial interest in Abermain-Seaham Collieries Limited. Prior to mechanisation miners in underground mines worked with little more than a pick and shovel for long periods in dusty, dark and dangerous conditions.

Group of Illawarra coal miners, late 1800s (Photographer: Milo Studios, Wollongong, New South Wales) Australasian Coal & Shale Employees' Federation, E165-26-210

Group of Illawarra coal miners, late 1800s (Photographer: Milo Studios, Wollongong, New South Wales) Australasian Coal & Shale Employees' Federation, E165-26-210

Abermain No 2 colliery in the lower Hunter Valley of New South Wales, 1925 (photographer: Cazneaux, Harold Pierce (1878-1953) The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited, N46-114-5 Photograph

Abermain No 2 colliery in the lower Hunter Valley of New South Wales, 1925 (photographer: Cazneaux, Harold Pierce (1878-1953) The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited, N46-114-5 Photograph

Seaham No 2 colliery in the lower Hunter Valley of New South Wales, 1925 (photographer: Cazneaux, Harold Pierce (1878-1953) The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited, N46-114-3 Photograph

Seaham No 2 colliery in the lower Hunter Valley of New South Wales, 1925 (photographer: Cazneaux, Harold Pierce (1878-1953) The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited, N46-114-3 Photograph

Loading Abermain coal at Newcastle, 1925 Photographer Cazneaux, Harold Pierce (1878-1953) The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited, N46-114-2 Photograph (http://hdl.handle.net/1885/17)

Loading Abermain coal at Newcastle, 1925 Photographer Cazneaux, Harold Pierce (1878-1953) The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited, N46-114-2 Photograph (http://hdl.handle.net/1885/17)

Kerosene shale miners in the Wolgan Valley near Lithgow, New South Wales, late 1800s (photographer not known) Australasian Coal & Shale Employees' Federation, E165-56-202

Kerosene shale miners in the Wolgan Valley near Lithgow, New South Wales, late 1800s (photographer not known) Australasian Coal & Shale Employees' Federation, E165-56-202

Wheelers and their horses at the Excelsior Colliery near Thirroul, New South Wales, 1926 (photographer not known) Australasian Coal & Shale Employees' Federation, E165-56-208

Wheelers and their horses at the Excelsior Colliery near Thirroul, New South Wales, 1926 (photographer not known) Australasian Coal & Shale Employees' Federation, E165-56-208